Using chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and tritium (3H) to estimate groundwater age and flow velocity in Hohhot Basin,China          下载免费PDF全文

Jun Liu  Zongyu Chen  Wen Wei  Yilong Zhang  Zhenghong Li  Fuliang Liu  Hualiang Guo 《水文研究》2014,28(3):1372-1382

The concentrations of chlorofluorocarbons (CFC‐11, CFC‐12 and CFC‐113) and tritium (³H) content in groundwater were used to date groundwater age, delineate groundwater flow systems and estimate flow velocity in the Hohhot basin. The estimated young groundwater age is fallen in the bracket of 21 ~ 50 a and indicates the presence of two different age profiles and flow systems in the shallow groundwater system. Older age waters occur under the topographically low areas, where the aquifer is double‐layer aquifer system consisting of shallow unconfined‐semi‐confined aquifer and deep confined aquifer. This reflects long flow paths associated with regional flow. Groundwater (range from 21 to 34 years) in the north piedmont and east hilly areas, where the aquifer is a single‐layer aquifer consisting of alluvial fans, are typically younger than those in the low areas. The combination of CFCs dating with hydrogeological information indicates that both local and regional flow systems are present at the basin. The regional groundwater flow mainly flows from the north and east to the southwest, the local groundwater flow system occurs nearby the Hohhot city. The mean regional groundwater flow velocity of the shallow groundwater is estimated about 0.73 km/a. These findings can aid in refining hydrogeological conceptual model of the study area. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Influence of a coarse interlayer on seawater intrusion and contaminant migration in coastal aquifers          下载免费PDF全文

Yi Liu  Xiaomin Mao  Jian Chen  D. A. Barry 《水文研究》2014,28(20):5162-5175

Vertical 2D slice laboratory experiments were carried out in homogenous and layered sand tanks to elucidate the effects of a highly permeable (coarse‐grained sand) interlayer on seawater intrusion and transport of contaminants to a coastal sea. Tidal fluctuations produced oscillations in the seawater–freshwater transition zone, fluctuations of the contaminant infiltration rate and a zigzag contaminant plume outline. The seawater wedge became discontinuous at the (vertical) edges of the interlayer because of increased lateral movement of the seawater–freshwater interface within the interlayer. The contaminant plume formed a tail within the interlayer depending on the tidal stage, and similar to the wedge, its movement was accentuated. A simple analytical model that neglected vertical flow reliably predicted steady‐state seawater intrusion into the coastal aquifer. Numerical modeling was used to gain insight into the groundwater hydrodynamics and contaminant migration. The numerical results confirmed the experimental findings, i.e. that a highly permeable interlayer can provide a rapid transit path for contaminants to reach the seaward boundary and that the interlayer amplifies the effects of tidal fluctuations, resulting in wider transition zones for the seawater wedge and contaminant plume. Numerical simulations further showed that, with increasing interlayer hydraulic conductivity, the maximum seawater intrusion distance inside the interlayer increases approximately linearly. For the fixed‐head contaminant injection condition used, the model showed that contaminant infiltration increases approximately logarithmically with increasing interlayer hydraulic conductivity (other factors held fixed). Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

城市建成环境对居民体力活动的影响 ——以福州市的经验研究为例   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

张延吉  陈小辉  赵立珍  马妍 《地理科学》2019,39(5):779-787

利用福州中心城区的社会调查、POI、道路网、用地性质等数据,在社区尺度探究城市建成环境对居民休闲型中高强度体力活动的影响。研究发现：① 低密度土地利用与体力活动时长呈正向关联,功能单一和邻近主干道则对体力活动起到抑制作用。② 体力活动目的地对不同人群具有差异化影响,体育用地和付费运动场所仅能促进中高阶层和中高收入者的体力活动,而周边公共运动设施的丰富程度更具普适性意义。③ 通过纳入运动偏好和单独分析保障房、单位大院及房改房住户达到规避居住自选择的目的,证明上述建成环境特征对体力活动的影响是独立且稳健的。  相似文献   

The sulfurization recorded in tridymite in the monomict eucrite Northwest Africa 11591     

Li‐Lin Huang  Bing‐Kui Miao  Guo‐Zhu Chen  Hui‐Min Shao  Zi‐Yuan Ouyang 《Meteoritics & planetary science》2020,55(7):1441-1457

Some of the tridymite in the monomict Northwest Africa (NWA) 11591 eucrite are found to have sulfide‐rich replacement textures (SRTs) to varying degrees. The SRTs of tridymite in NWA 11591 are characterized by the distribution of loose porous regions with aggregates of quartz and minor troilite grains along the rims and fractures of the tridymite, and we propose a new mechanism for the origin of this texture. According to the volume and density conversion relationship, the quartz in the SRT of tridymite with a hackle fracture pattern was transformed from tridymite. We suggest that the primary tridymite grains are affected by the S‐rich vapors along the rims and fractures, leading to the transformation of tridymite into quartz. In addition, the S‐rich vapors reacted with Fe²⁺, which was transported from the relict tridymite and/or the adjacent Fe‐rich minerals, and/or the S‐rich vapors react with the exotic metallic Fe to form troilite grains. The sulfurization in NWA 11591 most likely occurred during the prolonged subsolidus thermal metamorphism in the shallow crust of Vesta and might be an open, relatively high temperature (>800 °C) process. Sulfur would be an important component of the metasomatic fluid on Vesta.  相似文献   

无人海洋测绘技术体系构建   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

周立  张阳  张一  付丹丹  陈晨  魏征  冯俊俊  刘泽峰 《测绘通报》2019,(4):130-133

随着无人技术的快速发展，无人测绘的时代即将到来。本文分析了无人时代技术特征与海洋测绘发展机遇；讨论了无人海洋测绘新理念，构建了无人海洋测绘技术体系，论述了无人海洋测绘技术关键技术；展望了无人海洋测绘技术发展趋势，及其在海洋经济、海洋可持续发展中的应用前景。  相似文献   

基于2D地图的城市户外ARGIS视觉辅助地理配准技术     

邓晨  游雄  张威巍  智梅霞 《测绘学报》2019,48(10):1305-1319

针对当前便携式位姿传感器获取的户外6DOF绝对位姿精度通常不足，致使基于位姿传感器的户外AR地理配准精度不高，提出了一种以2D地图作为参考数据进行户外视觉辅助定位进而提高ARGIS系统地理配准精度的方法和技术框架。在位姿传感器获取初始位姿的基础上，详细阐述了基于2D地图进行图像位姿优化和辅助校正的基本原理；并通过试验验证了该方法可以对位姿传感器获取的初始位姿进行优化，进而提高户外AR地理配准精度的有效性。  相似文献   

水资源约束下的河西走廊城市经济脆弱性时空演变及其影响因素     

张戬  陈佳  黄馨  王子侨 《中国沙漠》2019,39(1):203-211

城市经济脆弱性作为当前脆弱性研究中的重要领域，为人-地系统耦合研究提供了新的视角，并为城市可持续健康发展提供有益的决策支持和管理方法。依据城市经济脆弱性内涵，基于暴露度、敏感性、适应能力构建了城市经济脆弱性评价指标体系，运用熵权TOPSIS法评价河西走廊地区及区域内五市的城市经济脆弱性，并采用障碍度模型识别影响区域城市经济脆弱性变化的因素。结果显示：（1）2006—2015年，河西走廊地区城市经济脆弱性呈现出先曲折下降（2006—2011年）再波动上升趋势（2012—2015年）；（2）河西走廊地区的城市经济脆弱性具有明显的空间特征，经历了东西高、中部低到整体较高的演变过程；（3）阻碍河西走廊地区城市经济脆弱性降低的障碍因子由适应能力逐步转变为暴露度。针对河西走廊地区各市主要障碍因子，提出针对性优化措施。  相似文献   

长白山景区旅游安全风险动态评价研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

孙滢悦  杨青山  陈鹏 《地理科学》2019,39(5):770-778

以长白山景区旅游安全为研究对象,以鱼骨图、动态贝叶斯、GIS技术等为基本研究方法,从研究区自然环境、社会环境及责任人为3个方面出发,筛选景区致险因子,构建景区旅游安全风险危险性评价指标体系,利用动态贝叶斯方法综合构建景区旅游安全风险动态评价模型;并以实测数据及景区统计数据为依据,划分景区旅游安全风险评价的4个动态时段,综合实现景区旅游安全风险动态风险评价。研究结果表明：① 中等以上风险区域呈条带状分布;② 高风险区域与主要景点重合;③ 长白山景区安全风险发生高概率的时段发生在第三个时段（12:00~14:00）;较高概率发生分别在第二个时段（10:00~12:00）与第四个时段（14:00~16:00）;中等概率发生较高的时段在第四个时段（14:00~16:00）;较低概率发生在第一个时段（8:00~10:00）。  相似文献   

How forest gaps shaped plant diversity along an elevational gradient in Wolong National Nature Reserve?     

Chen  Li  Han  Wangya  Liu  Dan  Liu  Guohua 《地理学报(英文版)》2019,29(7):1081-1097

Journal of Geographical Sciences - Understanding the underlying ecological processes that control plant diversity within (α-diversity) and among (β-diversity) forest gaps is important for...  相似文献   

Effectiveness of servo struts in controlling excavation-induced wall deflection and ground settlement     

Li  Ming-Guang  Demeijer  Olivier  Chen  Jin-Jian 《Acta Geotechnica》2020,15(9):2575-2590

Acta Geotechnica - Deformations in deep excavations can be controlled by providing adjustable support using servo struts; however, the design of strut positions and applied forces remains to be...  相似文献